I had to click on the body for the Keys.PAGE_DOWN to work but didn't need to use the action chain:
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
body = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body')
body.click() body.send_keys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN)
from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39471163/selenium-page-down-by-actionchains/39472743
Shamelessly copied from https://www.programcreek.com/python/example/97717/selenium.webdriver.common.keys.Keys.SHIFT
a = ActionChains(driver)
a.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(Keys.TAB).key_up(Keys.SHIFT)
a.perform()from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56691117/send-keys-shifttab-on-selenium-web-driver
Tests are passed
"No tests were found" error.
behave from the terminal works correctly. Issue reproduced only using IDE run configuration.I'm attempting to use expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable but it doesn't appear to be working. I'm still seeing "Element...is not clickable at point" errors in about 30% of the runs.
Here's the full error message:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Element ... is not clickable at point (621, 337). Other element would receive the click: ... (Session info: chrome=60.0.3112.90) (Driver info: chromedriver=2.26.436421 (6c1a3ab469ad86fd49c8d97ede4a6b96a49ca5f6),platform=Mac OS X 10.12.6 x86_64)
Here's the code I'm working with:
def wait_for_element_to_be_clickable(selector, timeout=10):
global driver
wd_wait = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout)
wd_wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, selector)),
'waiting for element to be clickable ' + selector)
print ('WAITING')
return driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector)
""" custom clickable wait function that relies on exceptions. """
def custom_wait_clickable_and_click(selector, attempts=5):
count = 0
while count < attempts:
try:
wait(1)
# This will throw an exception if it times out, which is what we want.
# We only want to start trying to click it once we've confirmed that
# selenium thinks it's visible and clickable.
elem = wait_for_element_to_be_clickable(selector)
elem.click()
return elem
except WebDriverException as e:
if ('is not clickable at point' in str(e)):
print('Retrying clicking on button.')
count = count + 1
else:
raise e
raise TimeoutException('custom_wait_clickable timed out')
本文要介紹的「CRX Extractor」可幫你快速下載 Chrome 線上應用程式商店的擴充功能，只要將擴充功能網址貼上，立即取得 .CRX 原始檔，之後可隨時將 .CRX 拖曳到瀏覽器來安裝外掛，而不用受限於只能從 Chrome 應用程式商店來取得外掛。
此外，它還有另外一項功能，將 .CRX 上傳後可以取得原始碼！包括這個外掛完整檔案結構，對於要學習或研究開發來說是個非常棒的工具，也能透過檢查原始碼來查看 Chrome 外掛是否安全。
開啟 CRX Extractor 網站後，點選「Let’s Start」開始後會有兩個功能，我們先從下載 Chrome 外掛檔案開始說明。如何下載或備份商店裡的擴充功能呢？很簡單，複製該 Google Chrome 擴充功能頁面的鏈結，把它複製、貼到 CRX Extractor 下載功能，點選「OK」就能取得 .CRX 檔。
下載的 .CRX 檔可以隨時安裝到 Google Chrome 瀏覽器，即使擴充功能商店已經把該外掛移除也沒問題！開啟擴充功能頁面（或在網址列輸入 chrome://extensions），把 .CRX 檔拖曳到瀏覽器就會出現安裝提示。
另一個 CRX Extractor 的功能是取得 Google Chrome 外掛原始碼！根據網站開發者所說，這項功能提供其他入門的外掛開發者一個學習、參考的渠道，尤其對於 Chrome 擴充功能完全沒有概念但又希望可以嘗試來開發外掛，以現有的原始碼作為參考似乎是個不錯的起點。
將外掛的 .CRX 檔案上傳（在 Get Source Code）下方，就能將它重新打包成壓縮檔。
下載後解壓縮，就會有外掛已經封包好的完整檔案，例如一些 html、json 或圖片檔。
This works for chrome-
driver.execute_script("window.open('https://www.google.com');")ActionChainsselenium.webdriver.common.action_chains.ActionChains(driver)
ActionChains基本用法ActionChains的执行原理，当你调用ActionChains的方法时，不会立即执行，而是会将所有的操作按顺序存放在一个队列里，当你调用perform()方法时，队列中的时间会依次执行。menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu)
actions.click(hidden_submenu)
actions.perform()
ActionChains都会按照顺序执行所有的操作。ActionChains方法列表click(on_element=None) ——单击鼠标左键
click_and_hold(on_element=None) ——点击鼠标左键，不松开
context_click(on_element=None) ——点击鼠标右键
double_click(on_element=None) ——双击鼠标左键
drag_and_drop(source, target) ——拖拽到某个元素然后松开
drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, xoffset, yoffset) ——拖拽到某个坐标然后松开
key_down(value, element=None) ——按下某个键盘上的键
key_up(value, element=None) ——松开某个键
move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset) ——鼠标从当前位置移动到某个坐标
move_to_element(to_element) ——鼠标移动到某个元素
move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset) ——移动到距某个元素（左上角坐标）多少距离的位置
perform() ——执行链中的所有动作
release(on_element=None) ——在某个元素位置松开鼠标左键
send_keys(*keys_to_send) ——发送某个键到当前焦点的元素
send_keys_to_element(element, *keys_to_send) ——发送某个键到指定元素
示例网址http://sahitest.com/demo/clicks.htm
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from time import sleep
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/clicks.htm')
click_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="click me"]') # 单击按钮
doubleclick_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="dbl click me"]') # 双击按钮
rightclick_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="right click me"]') # 右键单击按钮
ActionChains(driver).click(click_btn).double_click(doubleclick_btn).context_click(rightclick_btn).perform() # 链式用法
print driver.find_element_by_name('t2').get_attribute('value')
sleep(2)
driver.quit()
[CLICK][DOUBLE_CLICK][RIGHT_CLICK]
示例网址http://sahitest.com/demo/mouseover.htm
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from time import sleep
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/mouseover.htm')
write = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Write on hover"]') # 鼠标移动到此元素，在下面的input框中会显示“Mouse moved”
blank = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Blank on hover"]') # 鼠标移动到此元素，会清空下面input框中的内容
result = driver.find_element_by_name('t1')
action = ActionChains(driver)
action.move_to_element(write).perform() # 移动到write，显示“Mouse moved”
print result.get_attribute('value')
# action.move_to_element(blank).perform()
action.move_by_offset(10, 50).perform() # 移动到距离当前位置(10,50)的点，与上句效果相同，移动到blank上，清空
print result.get_attribute('value')
action.move_to_element_with_offset(blank, 10, -40).perform() # 移动到距离blank元素(10,-40)的点，可移动到write上
print result.get_attribute('value')
sleep(2)
driver.quit()
Mouse moved
Mouse moved
http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/eb9f7b6d87e2ae869264e847.html
示例网址http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from time import sleep
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm')
dragger = driver.find_element_by_id('dragger') # 被拖拽元素
item1 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 1"]') # 目标元素1
item2 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 2"]') # 目标2
item3 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 3"]') # 目标3
item4 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 4"]') # 目标4
action = ActionChains(driver)
action.drag_and_drop(dragger, item1).perform() # 1.移动dragger到目标1
sleep(2)
action.click_and_hold(dragger).release(item2).perform() # 2.效果与上句相同，也能起到移动效果
sleep(2)
action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_to_element(item3).release().perform() # 3.效果与上两句相同，也能起到移动的效果
sleep(2)
# action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(dragger, 400, 150).perform() # 4.移动到指定坐标
action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_by_offset(400, 150).release().perform() # 5.与上一句相同，移动到指定坐标
sleep(2)
driver.quit()
dropped dropped dropped dropped
drag_and_drop()的实现。注意：拖拽使用时注意加等待时间，有时会因为速度太快而失败。win32api来实现，能用SendKeys来实现，也可以用selenium的WebElement对象的send_keys()方法来实现，这里ActionChains类也提供了几个模拟按键的方法。示例网址http://sahitest.com/demo/keypress.htm
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from time import sleep
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/keypress.htm')
key_up_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r1') # 监测按键升起
key_down_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r2') # 监测按键按下
key_press_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r3') # 监测按键按下升起
enter = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//form[@name="f1"]/input')[1] # 输入框
result = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//form[@name="f1"]/input')[0] # 监测结果
# 监测key_down
key_down_radio.click()
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL, enter).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
print result.get_attribute('value')
# 监测key_up
key_up_radio.click()
enter.click()
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.SHIFT).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).perform()
print result.get_attribute('value')
# 监测key_press
key_press_radio.click()
enter.click()
ActionChains(driver).send_keys('a').perform()
print result.get_attribute('value')
driver.quit()
key downed charCode=[0] keyCode=[17] CTRL
key upped charCode=[0] keyCode=[16] NONE
key pressed charCode=[97] keyCode=[0] NONE
示例网址http://sahitest.com/demo/label.htm
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from time import sleep
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/label.htm')
input1 = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('input')[3]
input2 = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('input')[4]
action = ActionChains(driver)
input1.click()
action.send_keys('Test Keys').perform()
action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('a').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+a
action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+c
action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL, input2).send_keys('v').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+v
print input1.get_attribute('value')
print input2.get_attribute('value')
driver.quit()
Test Keys
Test Keys
WebElement< input >.send_keys()也能实现，大家可以试一下，也可以用更底层的方法，同时也是os弹框的处理办法之一的win32api，有兴趣也可以试试SendKeys、keybd_event